ssh 用root先登录vcenter
我这里是vcenter 6.7

```bash
root@momen-server [ /var/log/vmware/vsphere-ui/logs ]# /usr/lib/vmware-vmca/bin/certificate-manager
                 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
                |                                                                     |
                |      *** Welcome to the vSphere 6.7 Certificate Manager  ***        |
                |                                                                     |
                |                   -- Select Operation --                            |
                |                                                                     |
                |      1. Replace Machine SSL certificate with Custom Certificate     |
                |                                                                     |
                |      2. Replace VMCA Root certificate with Custom Signing           |
                |         Certificate and replace all Certificates                    |
                |                                                                     |
                |      3. Replace Machine SSL certificate with VMCA Certificate       |
                |                                                                     |
                |      4. Regenerate a new VMCA Root Certificate and                  |
                |         replace all certificates                                    |
                |                                                                     |
                |      5. Replace Solution user certificates with                     |
                |         Custom Certificate                                          |
                |                                                                     |
                |      6. Replace Solution user certificates with VMCA certificates   |
                |                                                                     |
                |      7. Revert last performed operation by re-publishing old        |
                |         certificates                                                |
                |                                                                     |
                |      8. Reset all Certificates                                      |
                |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _|
Note : Use Ctrl-D to exit.
Option[1 to 8]: 4
Do you wish to generate all certificates using configuration file : Option[Y/N] ? :
Please enter any value with in [Y/N]. : Option[Y/N] ? : y

Please provide valid SSO and VC privileged user credential to perform certificate operations.
Enter username [Administrator@vsphere.local]:
Enter password:
certool.cfg file exists, Do you wish to reconfigure : Option[Y/N] ? : y

Press Enter key to skip optional parameters or use Previous value.

Enter proper value for 'Country' [Previous value : CN] :

Enter proper value for 'Name' [Previous value : CA] :

Enter proper value for 'Organization' [Previous value : VMware] :

Enter proper value for 'OrgUnit' [Previous value : VMware Engineering] :

Enter proper value for 'State' [Previous value : California] :

Enter proper value for 'Locality' [Previous value : Palo Alto] :

Enter proper value for 'IPAddress' (Provide comma separated values for multiple IP addresses) [optional] :

Enter proper value for 'Email' [Previous value : email@acme.com] :

Enter proper value for 'Hostname' (Provide comma separated values for multiple Hostname entries) [Enter valid Fully Qualified Domain Name(FQDN), For Example : example.domain.com] : momen-server.momen.world

Enter proper value for VMCA 'Name' :momen-server.momen.world

You are going to regenerate Root Certificate and all other certificates using VMCA
Continue operation : Option[Y/N] ? : y
Get site nameCompleted [Replacing Machine SSL Cert...]
default-site
Lookup all services
······
······
Updated 34 service(s)
Status : 85% Completed [starting services...]
Status : 100% Completed [All tasks completed successfully]

root@momen-server [ /var/log/vmware/vsphere-ui/logs ]#

```

vcenter证书过期导致无法登录解决方案

https://[vcenter ip]:5480/login

使用5480端口连接到vcenter管理口。

![a09d852c-4b74-45e1-a6ce-6a6d602e2262.png](/static/img/5bf65d2d058cf42221fe1b1e214846cc.a09d852c-4b74-45e1-a6ce-6a6d602e2262.webp)

点击更新可以获得更新列表（此处我已经更新到最新，没有图了，记忆中选中更新过后点击转储并安装。

![8dfb0bf0-6732-4a07-adf4-d65de7c63245.png](/static/img/ee8c98d12a9e2371d40c7c5a494e715d.8dfb0bf0-6732-4a07-adf4-d65de7c63245.webp)

然后会让你备份系统（其实一般会装到esxi上，所以拍个快照我觉得就行，但是保险起见，还是备个份吧）

支持：FTPS、HTTPS、SCP、FTP、NFS、SMB 和 HTTP。
![image.png](/static/img/c3b364c6b3a35137fa4dd9288c985cf0.image.webp)

然后顺着按钮就更新了。


更新完毕会出现无法登录情况（且证书没有过期），此时需要用root账户ssh连接到服务器，手动修改密码。


![2a60bb32-4a11-4625-a479-b073c3f80cc6.png](/static/img/c0f29f3d22e6f2d034b91b26afb95bbf.2a60bb32-4a11-4625-a479-b073c3f80cc6.webp)

#### `/usr/lib/vmware-vmdir/bin/vdcadmintool`修改密码
![659e0c8f-7717-4945-9d74-99f1307a5b73.png](/static/img/16ec0c7a1eb253ef2ba6ef2caa231c0f.659e0c8f-7717-4945-9d74-99f1307a5b73.webp)

然后就可以登录了。

记一次更新vcenter服务器


:::warning{title="注意"}
本篇文章仅为估算所需部署模型需要的显存，实际结果可能不一致。
:::

> 一个INT8参数需要1个字节
> 
> 1B(十亿)参数需要多少？

看到以上问题，你可能大致明白怎么算了。
```
1G显存=1024MB=1024²KB=1024³Byte=1,073,741,824Byte

1B参数需要字节数=10亿参数*每参数1Byte=10亿byte

那么1B参数所需显存=1B参数需要字节数/1G显存=10亿byte➗1,073,741,824=0.9313225G
```
**结论：所以1B参数大概需要1G显存。**


但是1B参数可以有很多精度。

float32(fp32)需要4字节

fp16/bf16需要2字节

int8需要1个字节

int4需要0.5个字节


**结论得出1B模型所需显存大小**（预测）：


| 精度 | 所需存大小 |
| --- | --- |
| float32(fp32) | 4G |
| fp16/bf16 | 2G |
| int8 | 1G |
| int4 | 0.5G |


突🐔检查：

8B int4模型所需大小：8G*0.5G=4G



部署模型显存计算方式

查看这篇文章
https://post.smzdm.com/p/a5xg6387/

如何注册免费域名

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